{"id":4233,"date":"2026-01-09T06:25:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T06:25:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/?p=4233"},"modified":"2026-06-09T08:35:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T08:35:44","slug":"quest-ce-quun-coeur-de-voie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-coeur-de-voie\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu'est-ce qu'un c\u0153ur de voie ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Qu'est-ce qu'un c\u0153ur de voie ?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Un c\u0153ur de croisement est un dispositif qui permet aux roues de passer d'un rail \u00e0 l'autre. On l'appelle aussi \u201c croisement simple \u201d. \u00c9l\u00e9ment constitutif d'un aiguillage, il s'agit de la partie o\u00f9 deux rails se croisent. Le nez de croisement et les ailes constituent les principaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments du c\u0153ur.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>

Pour comprendre le fonctionnement d'un c\u0153ur de voie, il faut d'abord avoir une vue d'ensemble de l'aiguillage. Un aiguillage est un ensemble de dispositifs qui, en agissant de concert, permettent aux roues de passer d'une\u00a0voie ferr\u00e9e<\/a>\u00a0\u00e0 un autre. Ce groupe comprend principalement les rails de base, les aiguilles, les contre-aiguilles, les c\u0153urs, les contre-rails et d'autres pi\u00e8ces de raccordement. Les aiguilles constituent la partie mobile de l'aiguillage. Les contre-rails relient les aiguilles au c\u0153ur. Les contre-rails sont situ\u00e9s en face du c\u0153ur, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des rails de roulement, et permettent de guider les roues sur la bonne gorge de roulement afin d'\u00e9viter le d\u00e9raillement du train.<\/p>

\"c\u0153ur<\/figure>
\"Comment<\/figure><\/div>

Les roues roulent sur le rail lat\u00e9ral et le wagon avance le long de ce rail jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il s\u2019engage dans la croix d\u2019aiguillage. \u00c0 aucun moment le support de roue ne peut tomber dans la rainure de boudin, dans l'espace entre les deux rails, car il est fermement soutenu par ces deux rails ; il roule donc simplement le long de l'aile, s'accroche \u00e0 la pointe de la croix d'aiguillage lorsqu'il est transf\u00e9r\u00e9 sur le rail de la croix d'aiguillage, puis passe \u00e0 travers. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette g\u00e9om\u00e9trie, le mat\u00e9riel roulant traverse le c\u0153ur sans \u00e0-coups ni chute dans l'espace entre les rails du c\u0153ur. Il est essentiel que l'espace entre les rails soit aussi \u00e9troit que possible et que la bande de roulement de la roue soit aussi large que possible pour que cela se produise. Cela permet \u00e0 la roue de rouler le long de la traverse, de passer sur la pointe de la croix et de rouler ensuite sur la croix. \u00a0<\/p>

Types de c\u0153urs de voie<\/h2>

Selon leur forme, on distingue les c\u0153urs de voie rectilignes et les c\u0153urs de voie courbes. Une autre classification repose sur le type de structure. Les c\u0153urs de voie peuvent \u00eatre soit fabriqu\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de deux rails usin\u00e9s assembl\u00e9s, soit moul\u00e9s d'un seul tenant.<\/p>

Grenouille fixe<\/h3>
  • Grenouille combin\u00e9e<\/li><\/ul>

    Le c\u0153ur combin\u00e9 est constitu\u00e9 de rails en acier et d'autres pi\u00e8ces d\u00e9coup\u00e9es et assembl\u00e9es. Il se compose d'un nez de croisement, d'un rail lat\u00e9ral, d'une entretoise, d'un patin de c\u0153ur et d'autres pi\u00e8ces. Son processus de fabrication est simple, car il ne n\u00e9cessite aucune op\u00e9ration particuli\u00e8re. Cependant, son utilisation est rare en raison de la charge de travail importante qu'il implique en mati\u00e8re d'entretien.<\/p>

    \"Grenouille<\/figure><\/div>
    • Grenouille moul\u00e9e d'un seul tenant<\/li><\/ul>

      Les c\u0153urs de croisement ferroviaires modernes sont moul\u00e9s en acier au mangan\u00e8se, un alliage de pointe qui se durcit \u00e0 l'usage. Il s'agit l\u00e0 d'une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 essentielle, car la pointe du croisement peut \u00eatre soumise \u00e0 des chocs violents lorsque les roues des trains passent dessus.<\/p>

      \"Grenouille<\/figure><\/div>

      C\u0153ur mobile (passage \u00e0 nez pivotant)<\/h3>

      Contrairement aux c\u0153urs de croisement fixes, les c\u0153urs de croisement mobiles comportent des \u00e9l\u00e9ments mobiles sp\u00e9cifiques, tels que des contre-rails mobiles ou un nez de croisement mobile. En modifiant la position de la partie mobile dans le c\u0153ur, le c\u00f4t\u00e9 actif du contre-rail ou du nez de croisement peut \u00eatre superpos\u00e9 afin d'offrir une trajectoire continue au train qui passe. Cela permet d'\u00e9liminer l'\u00e9cart au point de croisement, ce qui offre la possibilit\u00e9 d'augmenter consid\u00e9rablement la vitesse des trains passant par les aiguillages.<\/p>

      Les c\u0153urs de croisement \u00e0 aiguille mobile prolongent la dur\u00e9e de vie du c\u0153ur de croisement. L'exp\u00e9rience acquise au fil du temps a montr\u00e9 que la dur\u00e9e de vie d'un c\u0153ur \u00e0 pointes mobiles est 6 \u00e0 9 fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle d'un c\u0153ur moul\u00e9 en acier \u00e0 haute teneur en mangan\u00e8se du m\u00eame mod\u00e8le. De plus, les travaux d'entretien et de r\u00e9paration sont r\u00e9duits de 40%, ce qui diminue consid\u00e9rablement l'impact du mat\u00e9riel roulant lors du passage.<\/p>

      \"C\u0153ur<\/figure><\/div>

      Soudage des c\u0153urs de croisement ferroviaires<\/h3>

      Les c\u0153urs en acier \u00e0 haute teneur en mangan\u00e8se et les rails en acier \u00e0 haute teneur en carbone pr\u00e9sentent des exigences diff\u00e9rentes en mati\u00e8re de proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de soudage. Ces diff\u00e9rences rendent leur assemblage par soudage difficile. Un soudage direct entra\u00eenerait l'apparition de fissures. La technologie de pointe actuelle consiste \u00e0 choisir un mat\u00e9riau pr\u00e9sentant de bonnes performances de soudage comme interm\u00e9diaire afin de r\u00e9aliser l'assemblage par soudage.<\/p>

      L'acier \u00e0 haute teneur en mangan\u00e8se est un acier aust\u00e9nitique monophas\u00e9. Cette structure pr\u00e9sente une forte sensibilit\u00e9 aux fissures \u00e0 chaud et favorise facilement l'apparition de fissures de liqu\u00e9faction dans la zone affect\u00e9e thermiquement. Par cons\u00e9quent, le degr\u00e9 de chauffage et la dur\u00e9e de chauffage doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9duits pendant le soudage. Le rail en acier pr\u00e9sente une teneur \u00e9lev\u00e9e en carbone. Pour \u00e9viter les fissures de soudage, il est n\u00e9cessaire de pr\u00e9chauffer avant le soudage et de refroidir apr\u00e8s le soudage. Si l'on soude directement des c\u0153urs en acier \u00e0 haute teneur en mangan\u00e8se et des rails en acier \u00e0 haute teneur en carbone, tant le processus de soudage que le choix des mat\u00e9riaux de soudage sont plus difficiles. C'est pourquoi la technologie la plus avanc\u00e9e au monde consiste \u00e0 choisir un mat\u00e9riau pr\u00e9sentant de bonnes performances de soudage comme interm\u00e9diaire pour r\u00e9aliser la liaison soud\u00e9e entre les deux mat\u00e9riaux. Par le pass\u00e9, seuls quelques pays, tels que l'Autriche et la France, ma\u00eetrisaient cette technologie de soudage. Par la suite, des chercheurs scientifiques du monde entier, y compris de Chine, apr\u00e8s des efforts inlassables, ont utilis\u00e9 le soudage bout \u00e0 bout par \u00e9tincelage pour r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 assembler des c\u0153urs en acier \u00e0 haute teneur en mangan\u00e8se et des rails en acier \u00e0 haute teneur en carbone.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Un c\u0153ur de croisement est un dispositif qui permet aux roues de passer d'un rail \u00e0 l'autre. On l'appelle aussi \u201c croisement simple \u201d. \u00c9l\u00e9ment constitutif d'un aiguillage, il s'agit de la partie o\u00f9 deux rails se croisent. Le nez de croisement et les ailes constituent les principaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments du c\u0153ur. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4235,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"boxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"disabled","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Is A Railroad Frog?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A railroad frog is a device that helps the wheels rolling from one track to another. It is also called the \u201ccommon crossing\u201d. As a part of the railroad switch, it takes the area where two rails cross. Crossing nose and wing rails are main parts of the frog.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-coeur-de-voie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Is A Railroad Frog?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A railroad frog is a device that helps the wheels rolling from one track to another. It is also called the \u201ccommon crossing\u201d. As a part of the railroad switch, it takes the area where two rails cross. Crossing nose and wing rails are main parts of the frog.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-coeur-de-voie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rail Grinding Wheel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/Jumbo-Abrasives-Company\/100088416174057\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-09T06:25:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-09T08:35:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/what-is-a-frog-on-railroad.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Shao Junying\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ShaoJunying\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ShaoJunying\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Shao Junying\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Shao Junying\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7bfe83932abe83307dd380c77ba0541f\"},\"headline\":\"What Is A Railroad Frog?\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-09T06:25:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-09T08:35:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/\"},\"wordCount\":835,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/what-is-a-frog-on-railroad.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/\",\"name\":\"What Is A Railroad Frog?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/what-is-a-frog-on-railroad.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-09T06:25:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-09T08:35:44+00:00\",\"description\":\"A railroad frog is a device that helps the wheels rolling from one track to another. 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