{"id":4233,"date":"2026-01-09T06:25:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T06:25:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/?p=4233"},"modified":"2026-06-09T08:35:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T08:35:44","slug":"que-es-una-aguja-de-ferrocarril","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/es_es\/que-es-una-aguja-de-ferrocarril\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es una \u00abrana\u00bb ferroviaria?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00bfQu\u00e9 es una \u00abrana\u00bb ferroviaria?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Una coraz\u00f3n de v\u00eda es un dispositivo que permite que las ruedas pasen de un carril a otro. Tambi\u00e9n se conoce como \u201ccruce com\u00fan\u201d. Como parte del cambio de v\u00eda, ocupa la zona donde se cruzan dos carriles. La punta de cruce y los carriles laterales son las partes principales de la coraz\u00f3n de v\u00eda.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>

Para entender c\u00f3mo funciona la coraz\u00f3n de una v\u00eda, primero debemos hacernos una idea general de c\u00f3mo es un cambio de agujas. Un cambio de agujas es un conjunto de dispositivos que funcionan conjuntamente y permiten que las ruedas pasen de una\u00a0v\u00eda del tren<\/a>\u00a0entre s\u00ed. El conjunto de piezas comprende principalmente carriles fijos, agujas, carriles de cierre, crucetas, carriles de protecci\u00f3n y otras piezas de uni\u00f3n. Las agujas son la parte m\u00f3vil del desv\u00edo. Los carriles de cierre conectan las agujas con la coraz\u00f3n. Los carriles de gu\u00eda se encuentran frente a la coraz\u00f3n, junto a los carriles fijos, y gu\u00edan las ruedas por la ranura correcta para evitar el descarrilamiento del tren.<\/p>

\"cruzamiento<\/figure>
\"c\u00f3mo<\/figure><\/div>

Las ruedas ruedan por el carril lateral y siguen por \u00e9l hasta que se enganchan en la punta de la coraz\u00f3n. En ning\u00fan momento el soporte de la rueda puede caer en la ranura del pestillo, en el hueco entre los dos carriles, ya que se apoya firmemente en esos dos carriles, por lo que simplemente rueda a lo largo del pestillo, se engancha en la punta del coraz\u00f3n de cruzamiento al pasar al carril del coraz\u00f3n y lo atraviesa. Gracias a esta geometr\u00eda, se garantiza que el equipo rodar\u00e1 a trav\u00e9s de la coraz\u00f3n sin ning\u00fan golpe ni ca\u00edda en el espacio entre los carriles de la coraz\u00f3n. Es fundamental que el espacio entre los carriles sea lo m\u00e1s estrecho posible y que la banda de rodadura de la rueda sea lo m\u00e1s ancha posible para que esto ocurra. Esto permite que la rueda ruede por el tramo del carril lateral, cruce hacia la punta de la coraz\u00f3n y luego ruede sobre la coraz\u00f3n. \u00a0<\/p>

Tipos de cruces de v\u00eda f\u00e9rrea<\/h2>

Seg\u00fan la forma de la pieza, existen cruces de v\u00eda rectas y cruces de v\u00eda curvas. Otra forma de clasificaci\u00f3n es seg\u00fan el tipo de estructura. Las cruces de v\u00eda pueden ser fabricadas, es decir, estar compuestas por dos carriles mecanizados unidos entre s\u00ed, o bien fundidas como una sola pieza.<\/p>

Rana fija<\/h3>
  • Rana combinada<\/li><\/ul>

    La cruceta combinada est\u00e1 fabricada con carriles de acero y otras piezas que se cortan y se ensamblan. Se compone de la punta de cruce, el carril lateral, una pieza espaciadora, una placa de cruceta y otras piezas. El proceso de fabricaci\u00f3n es sencillo, ya que no requiere ning\u00fan tratamiento especial. Sin embargo, su uso ha sido poco frecuente debido a la elevada carga de trabajo que supone su mantenimiento.<\/p>

    \"Rana<\/figure><\/div>
    • Punta de una sola pieza<\/li><\/ul>

      Las agujas ferroviarias modernas est\u00e1n fabricadas en acero al manganeso, una aleaci\u00f3n avanzada que se endurece con el uso. Esta es una propiedad importante, ya que la punta de la aguja puede soportar fuertes impactos al paso de las ruedas del tren.<\/p>

      \"Punta<\/figure><\/div>

      Cruzamiento con coraz\u00f3n m\u00f3vil (cruzamiento de punta oscilante)<\/h3>

      A diferencia de las crucetas fijas, las crucetas m\u00f3viles cuentan con componentes m\u00f3viles especiales, como carriles laterales m\u00f3viles o puntas de cruce m\u00f3viles. Al cambiar la posici\u00f3n de la parte m\u00f3vil en la coraz\u00f3n, el lado de trabajo del carril lateral o de la punta de cruce puede solaparse para proporcionar una trayectoria continua al tren que pasa. Esto permite eliminar el hueco en el punto de cruce, lo que ofrece la posibilidad de aumentar considerablemente la velocidad de los trenes que pasan por los desv\u00edos.<\/p>

      Las crucetas de punta m\u00f3vil prolongan la vida \u00fatil de la cruceta. La experiencia operativa a largo plazo ha demostrado que la vida \u00fatil de la coraz\u00f3n con punta m\u00f3vil es entre 6 y 9 veces superior a la del mismo modelo de coraz\u00f3n fundido de acero con alto contenido en manganeso. Adem\u00e1s, las tareas de mantenimiento y reparaci\u00f3n se reducen en un 40%, lo que disminuye considerablemente el impacto del material rodante al pasar por ella.<\/p>

      \"Cruzeta<\/figure><\/div>

      Soldadura de cruces de v\u00eda<\/h3>

      Las crucetas de acero con alto contenido en manganeso y los carriles de acero con alto contenido en carbono tienen requisitos de soldadura distintos. Estas diferencias hacen que sea dif\u00edcil soldarlas entre s\u00ed. La soldadura directa dar\u00eda lugar a grietas. La tecnolog\u00eda avanzada actual consiste en elegir un material con buenas propiedades de soldabilidad como elemento intermedio para lograr la uni\u00f3n soldada.<\/p>

      El acero con alto contenido en manganeso es un acero austen\u00edtico monof\u00e1sico. Esta estructura presenta una alta sensibilidad a las grietas en caliente y propicia f\u00e1cilmente la aparici\u00f3n de grietas por licuefacci\u00f3n en la zona afectada por el calor. Por lo tanto, se debe reducir el grado de calentamiento y el tiempo de calentamiento durante la soldadura. El carril de acero tiene un alto contenido en carbono. Para evitar grietas de soldadura durante el proceso, es necesario precalentar antes de soldar y enfriar despu\u00e9s de soldar. Si se sueldan directamente cruces de acero con alto contenido en manganeso y carriles de acero con alto contenido en carbono, tanto el proceso de soldadura como la selecci\u00f3n de los materiales de soldadura resultan m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles. Por lo tanto, la tecnolog\u00eda m\u00e1s avanzada del mundo consiste en elegir un material con buen rendimiento de soldadura como medio intermedio para realizar la uni\u00f3n soldada de los dos materiales. En el pasado, solo unos pocos pa\u00edses, como Austria y Francia, dominaban esta tecnolog\u00eda de soldadura. M\u00e1s tarde, investigadores cient\u00edficos de todo el mundo, incluida China, tras esfuerzos incansables, utilizaron la soldadura a tope por chispa para combinar con \u00e9xito crucetas de acero con alto contenido en manganeso y carriles de acero con alto contenido en carbono soldados entre s\u00ed.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>

      \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Una coraz\u00f3n de v\u00eda es un dispositivo que permite que las ruedas pasen de un carril a otro. Tambi\u00e9n se conoce como \u201ccruce com\u00fan\u201d. Como parte del cambio de v\u00eda, ocupa la zona donde se cruzan dos carriles. La punta de cruce y los carriles laterales son las partes principales de la coraz\u00f3n de v\u00eda. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4235,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"right-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"boxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"disabled","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"disabled","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nWhat Is A Railroad Frog?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A railroad frog is a device that helps the wheels rolling from one track to another. It is also called the \u201ccommon crossing\u201d. As a part of the railroad switch, it takes the area where two rails cross. Crossing nose and wing rails are main parts of the frog.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/es_es\/que-es-una-aguja-de-ferrocarril\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Is A Railroad Frog?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A railroad frog is a device that helps the wheels rolling from one track to another. It is also called the \u201ccommon crossing\u201d. As a part of the railroad switch, it takes the area where two rails cross. Crossing nose and wing rails are main parts of the frog.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/es_es\/que-es-una-aguja-de-ferrocarril\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rail Grinding Wheel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/people\/Jumbo-Abrasives-Company\/100088416174057\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-09T06:25:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-09T08:35:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/what-is-a-frog-on-railroad.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Shao Junying\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ShaoJunying\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ShaoJunying\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Shao Junying\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Shao Junying\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/#\/schema\/person\/7bfe83932abe83307dd380c77ba0541f\"},\"headline\":\"What Is A Railroad Frog?\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-09T06:25:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-09T08:35:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/\"},\"wordCount\":835,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/what-is-a-frog-on-railroad.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/\",\"name\":\"What Is A Railroad Frog?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-a-railroad-frog\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/what-is-a-frog-on-railroad.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-09T06:25:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-09T08:35:44+00:00\",\"description\":\"A railroad frog is a device that helps the wheels rolling from one track to another. 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