{"id":4336,"date":"2026-06-18T02:02:36","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T02:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/?p=4336"},"modified":"2026-09-07T12:53:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T12:53:36","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b5%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b5%d9%82%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div 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\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/rail-grinding-classification-and-application-scenarios\/\"\r\n        }\r\n      ]\r\n    }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d756e57 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d756e57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rail Grinding Classification, Application Scenarios &amp; Engineering Guide<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74894f2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"74894f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b69cfbb elementor-toc--content-ellipsis elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"b69cfbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__b69cfbb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis \u00f6ffnen\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__b69cfbb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Inhaltsverzeichnis schlie\u00dfen\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__b69cfbb\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bea582 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bea582\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rail grinding is a vital preventive and corrective maintenance technology in modern railway engineering. As axle loads, operational speeds, and annual gross tonnage (MGT) increase, rails suffer from surface defects such as <strong>Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF)<\/strong>, <strong>Head Checks<\/strong>, <strong>Spalling<\/strong>, and <strong>Rail Corrugation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>By utilizing specialized <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/railgrindingwheel\/\" title=\"High Quality Rail Grinding Wheel\">abrasive rail grinding wheels<\/a> mounted on grinding trains or modular equipment, track maintenance teams can restore rail surface smoothness, optimize the transverse profile, redistribute wheel-rail contact stress, and extend rail service life by 30% to 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"section-1\">1. Classification by Maintenance Stage &amp; Purpose<\/h2>\n\n<p>According to international track maintenance standards, rail grinding is strategically categorized into four distinct lifecycle stages within overall <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/different-types-of-railway-track-maintenance\/\" title=\"Different Types Of Railway Track Maintenance\">railway track maintenance<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n<h3>1.1 Pre-Grinding (Preparatory \/ Initial Grinding)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Application Timing:<\/strong> Performed on newly laid or newly replaced rails prior to formal revenue service operation.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Core Purpose:<\/strong> Removes the soft <strong>decarburized layer<\/strong> created during high-temperature rolling manufacturing, mill scale, surface rust, handling scratches, and vertical irregularities at welded joints on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/what-is-rail-track-metal-made-of\/\" title=\"What is rail track metal made of?\">rail track metal<\/a>.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Metal Removal Depth:<\/strong> Typically <strong>0.2 mm \u2013 0.3 mm<\/strong>.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Engineering Value:<\/strong> Eliminating the weak decarburized layer prevents micro-fatigue cracks from rapidly forming under initial wheel loads. It is a mandatory acceptance procedure under standards like EN 13231 and AREMA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>1.2 Preventative Rail Grinding<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Application Timing:<\/strong> Executed as a routine, cyclical maintenance procedure on active lines (typically every 10\u201330 MGT depending on traffic density).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Core Purpose:<\/strong> Removes micro-cracks and early RCF damage while they are still shallower than <strong>0.2 mm<\/strong>, preventing them from propagating deeper into the rail steel.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Metal Removal Depth:<\/strong> Extremely shallow single-pass removal (<strong>0.05 mm \u2013 0.15 mm<\/strong>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Engineering Value:<\/strong> The most cost-effective strategy in Lifecycle Cost (LCC) management. It maintains ideal wheel-rail contact geometry with minimal steel consumption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>1.3 Corrective Rail Grinding (Reprofiling \/ Remedial)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Application Timing:<\/strong> Applied as a reactive measure on severely degraded rails exhibiting deep corrugation, heavy spalling, plastic deformation, or severe wheel burns.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Core Purpose:<\/strong> Completely cuts away damaged surface metal to rebuild a clean steel surface and restore the target cross-sectional profile.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Metal Removal Depth:<\/strong> Heavy removal (<strong>0.5 mm \u2013 1.5 mm<\/strong>), often requiring multiple passes of heavy grinding trains at reduced speeds.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Engineering Value:<\/strong> Restores severely damaged rails to safe operating condition, though it consumes significant rail material and reduces overall rail lifespan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>1.4 Profile \/ Special Grinding (Transverse Reshaping)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Application Timing:<\/strong> Targeted maintenance using specialized <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/profile-grinding-wheel\/\" title=\"Grinding Wheels for Rail Profile Grinder\">profile grinding wheels<\/a> for specific track geometries, such as small-radius curves, switches\/turnouts, and high-noise urban zones.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Core Purpose:<\/strong> Alters the transverse head profile to shift the contact band away from damaged areas (e.g., gauge corner relief) or to match specific rolling stock wheel profiles.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Metal Removal Depth:<\/strong> Variable, ranging from <strong>0.1 mm to 0.5 mm<\/strong> across specific profile zones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"section-2\">2. Classification by Processing Mechanism &amp; Speed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Different equipment mechanisms provide varying combinations of metal removal capacity, surface finish quality, and track window requirements:<\/p>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Technology Type<\/th>\n      <th>Operating Speed<\/th>\n      <th>Primary Mechanism<\/th>\n      <th>Best Used For<\/th>\n      <th>Key Advantage &amp; Limitation<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Rotary End-Face Grinding<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td>15 \u2013 24 km\/h<\/td>\n      <td>High-speed rotating <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/rail-grinding-train-wheel\/\" title=\"Rail Grinding Stone for Grinding Trains\">rail grinding stones<\/a> driven by electric\/hydraulic motors at controlled angles (such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/rail-grinding-train-wheel\/260x90x154\/\" title=\"Loram Rail Grinding Wheel 260x90x154\">Loram 260x90x154 wheels<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/rail-grinding-train-wheel\/152x80xm20\/\" title=\"Harsco Grinding Wheel 152x80xM20\">Harsco 152x80xM20 wheels<\/a>).<\/td>\n      <td>Corrective grinding, pre-grinding, heavy-haul lines.<\/td>\n      <td><strong>Advantage:<\/strong> High Metal Removal Rate (MRR).<br \/><strong>Limitation:<\/strong> Requires dedicated track possessions.<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>High-Speed Grinding (HSG)<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td>60 \u2013 80 km\/h<\/td>\n      <td>Passive rotational grinding units operating at high train speeds without motor drives, as utilized in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/railgrinderlibrary\/vossloh-hsg-city\/\" title=\"Vossloh HSG-city Rail Grinder\">Vossloh HSG-city<\/a> systems.<\/td>\n      <td>High-speed rail (HSR) preventative maintenance.<\/td>\n      <td><strong>Advantage:<\/strong> Can operate within normal traffic schedules.<br \/><strong>Limitation:<\/strong> Low single-pass removal capacity (&lt;0.05 mm).<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Oscillating Grinding<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td>3 \u2013 5 km\/h<\/td>\n      <td>Longitudinal\/transverse reciprocating motion of grinding shoes or stones.<\/td>\n      <td>Complex turnout areas, expansion joints, switches.<\/td>\n      <td><strong>Advantage:<\/strong> Precise geometry copying.<br \/><strong>Limitation:<\/strong> Slow operating speed.<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Portable \/ Hand-Guided<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td>Walk-behind \/ Manual<\/td>\n      <td>Compact petrol or electric hand-held rail grinders.<\/td>\n      <td>Weld joint finishing, localized spot repair.<\/td>\n      <td><strong>Advantage:<\/strong> Highly flexible, low cost.<br \/><strong>Limitation:<\/strong> Heavily dependent on operator skill.<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"section-3\">3. Scenario-Based Engineering Application Matrix<\/h2>\n\n<p>Railway networks differ significantly in axle loads and operational dynamics. Maintenance strategies must be tailored accordingly:<\/p>\n\n<h3>3.1 Heavy-Haul Freight (e.g., Australia, North America)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Operating Conditions:<\/strong> High axle loads (30\u201335+ tonnes) and severe curve wear.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Strategy:<\/strong> Heavy preventative and corrective grinding. Requires robust Zirconia Alumina grinding wheels capable of aggressive cutting to control gauge corner cracking and severe corrugation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>3.2 High-Speed Passenger Rail (e.g., Europe, Asia)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Operating Conditions:<\/strong> High train speeds (&gt;250 km\/h) demanding extreme surface smoothness.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Strategy:<\/strong> Emphasizes High-Speed Grinding (HSG) and precision <strong>preventative grinding<\/strong> to minimize dynamic vibration and cabin noise without removing excessive rail steel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>3.3 Urban Transit &amp; Metros<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Operating Conditions:<\/strong> Constrained by tight night-time maintenance windows and strict noise abatement laws in residential areas.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Strategy:<\/strong> Modular equipment or High-Speed Urban Grinding to control acoustic roughness. Learn more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/metro-maintenance-professional-rail-grinding-train-solutions-for-subway-track-care\/\" title=\"Metro Maintenance: Professional Rail Grinding Train Solutions\">subway track care and metro grinding solutions<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"section-4\">4. Quality Control Standards (EN 13231-3 Compliance)<\/h2>\n\n<p>To evaluate the success of a rail grinding intervention, engineers measure three primary technical metrics according to international standards like <strong>EN 13231-3<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n<ol>\n  <li><strong>Longitudinal Flatness:<\/strong> Peak-to-peak amplitude of residual roughness must remain within strict limits (e.g., &lt; 0.01 mm for short wavelengths between 30\u2013100 mm).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Transverse Profile Deviation:<\/strong> The ground profile must not deviate by more than &plusmn;0.2 mm from the designated target profile.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Surface Roughness (Ra):<\/strong> High-speed tracks typically require an average surface roughness of Ra &lt; 10 &mu;m to prevent acoustic noise and dynamic excitation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"section-5\">5. Consumable Selection: Abrasive Rail Grinding Wheels<\/h2>\n\n<p>Selecting the optimal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/the-ultimate-guide-to-industrial-grinding-wheel\/\" title=\"The Ultimate Guide to Industrial Grinding Wheel\">industrial grinding wheel<\/a> formulation is critical to maximizing Metal Removal Rate (MRR), preventing thermal damage (rail burning\/blue spots), and controlling operating costs.<\/p>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Rail Material &amp; Type<\/th>\n      <th>Recommended Grain Type<\/th>\n      <th>Recommended Bond<\/th>\n      <th>Performance Characteristics<\/th>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Standard Carbon Steel Rails<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td>Premium Aluminum Oxide<\/td>\n      <td>High-Strength Resinoid<\/td>\n      <td>Balanced wear resistance and steady cutting performance.<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td><strong>Head-Hardened \/ Heat-Treated Rails<\/strong><\/td>\n      <td>Zirconia Alumina (ZA) or Ceramic Grain<\/td>\n      <td>Modified Resinoid with Heat Dissipators<\/td>\n      <td>Ultra-aggressive cutting, self-sharpening, prevents thermal surface damage.<\/td>\n    <\/tr>\n  <\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h3>Key Formulation Considerations:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Zirconia Alumina (ZA):<\/strong> Self-sharpening grains ideal for heavy-haul, head-hardened rails requiring maximum metal removal.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Ceramic Grain:<\/strong> Provides extreme durability and cool cutting, preventing micro-structural changes (white etching layers) on high-speed rail lines.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Bonding Technology:<\/strong> Heavy-duty <strong>resinoid (organic) bonds<\/strong> reinforced with fiberglass mesh are standard, absorbing high dynamic impacts at rotational speeds up to 80 m\/s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><em>Looking for customized grinding wheel solutions tailored to your track conditions? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/contactus\/\" title=\"Contact Jumbo Abrasives \u2013 Grinding Wheel Manufacturer\">Contact Jumbo Abrasives engineering team<\/a> for technical consultations and testing samples.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"section-6\">6. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n\n<h3>Q1: What is the difference between rail grinding and rail milling?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Rail grinding uses high-speed abrasive wheels to remove fine layers of steel (0.05\u20130.5 mm) for profile fine-tuning and micro-defect removal. Rail milling uses mechanical rotary milling cutters to strip thick layers of steel (1.0\u20133.0 mm) in a single pass, ideal for severely damaged tracks where grinding would take too long.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Q2: Why is it important to remove the decarburized layer on new rails?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> During the manufacturing and hot-rolling process, carbon escapes from the outer steel surface, leaving a soft, low-strength decarburized layer. If left on new tracks, this layer rapidly deforms under train wheel loads, triggering early micro-cracking and head checks.<\/p>\n\n<h3>Q3: How do grinding wheels prevent thermal damage (rail burning) during operation?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> High-quality <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/railgrindingwheel\/\" title=\"Rail Grinding Wheels Manufacturer\">rail grinding wheels<\/a> use specialized filler materials (such as pyrites or cryolite) and micro-porous resin structures. These act as active cooling agents and facilitate heat dissipation, keeping cutting temperatures below the phase-transformation threshold of rail steel.<\/p>\n\n<h2>7. Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<p>A modern rail maintenance strategy relies on the strategic integration of <strong>Pre-Grinding<\/strong>, <strong>Preventative Maintenance<\/strong>, and <strong>Profile Control<\/strong>. Selecting the appropriate grinding technology and high-performance abrasive wheels allows railway operators to optimize wheel-rail interaction, ensure operational safety, and achieve maximum asset longevity.<\/p>\n<!-- rgw-internal-links:start --><section class=\"rgw-related-resources\" aria-labelledby=\"rgw-related-heading\"><h2 id=\"rgw-related-heading\">Related Rail Grinding Resources<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/rail-grinder\">Rail Grinder<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/railway-grinding\">Railway Grinding: Process, Equipment, and Track Guide<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/rail-grinding-train-wheel\">Rail Grinding Train Wheel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/profile-grinding-wheel\">Profile Grinding Wheel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.railgrindingwheel.com\/railgrinderlibrary\">Grinding Trains Library<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/section><!-- rgw-internal-links:end -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e6df0d elementor-post-navigation-borders-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-navigation\" data-id=\"6e6df0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-navigation.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__prev elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__next 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